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About the Author (p. xvii) |
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Abbreviations (p. xix) |
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List of Figures (p. xxi) |
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List of Tables (p. xxiii) |
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Part I Understanding Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) |
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1 Introduction (p. 3) |
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1.2 Materials (p. 9) |
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1.2.1 Primary Sources: Exploring Real-Life Cases (p. 9) |
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1.2.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods: The Core of CDA (p. 12) |
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1.3 Ethical Considerations (p. 13) |
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References (p. 15) |
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1.1 The Shadow Pandemic (p. 3) |
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2 Violence Against Women (p. 21) |
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2.1 VAWG and Its Various Forms (p. 21) |
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2.2 What Causes VAWG? (p. 30) |
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2.3 Victim-Blaming and VAWG (p. 32) |
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References (p. 35) |
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3 Understanding Discourse and D.A.R.V.O.: Theories and Methods (p. 43) |
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3.1 Constructing and Deconstructing the Power of Language: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (p. 43) |
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3.2 The Discourse-Historical Approach (p. 47) |
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3.3 Van Dijk’s Theory of Denial (p. 49) |
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3.4 The Role of Language in Shaping Perceptions: Framing Theory and Thematic Analysis (p. 54) |
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3.5 Unmasking Patriarchal Norms: Feminist Discourse Analysis (p. 56) |
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3.6 The New Frontiers of Social Media: Digital Discourse Analysis (p. 57) |
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3.7 Multidimensional Identities and VAWG: Intersectionality and Cultural Relativism (p. 60) |
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3.8 Transitivity Analysis and VAWG (p. 61) |
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3.9 Trauma and Empowerment: Psychological and Emotional Studies on VAWG (p. 63) |
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3.10 Methods (p. 65) |
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3.11 Defining D.A.R.V.O.: Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender (p. 69) |
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3.11.1 Deny (p. 69) |
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3.11.2 Attack (p. 72) |
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3.11.3 Reverse Victim and Offender (p. 74) |
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3.12 The Role of Language in D.A.R.V.O. (p. 75) |
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3.12.1 Denial Through Language (p. 76) |
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3.12.2 Attacking with Rhetoric (p. 76) |
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3.12.3 Reversal and Shifting Narratives (p. 78) |
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3.13 The Psychological Impact of D.A.R.V.O. (p. 79) |
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3.13.1 Gaslighting and Psychological Abuse (p. 79) |
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3.13.2 The Hurdle of Self-Doubt (p. 79) |
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3.14 The Cultural and Societal Context of D.A.R.V.O. (p. 80) |
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3.14.1 Cultural Norms and Expectations (p. 80) |
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3.14.2 Power Structures (p. 83) |
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3.15 The Role of High-Profile Media Cases (p. 84) |
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References (p. 87) |
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Part II D.A.R.V.O. in Action |
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4 The Courage of US Women Gymnastics Athletes Against D.A.R.V.O. and Institutional Betrayal (People of the State of Michigan V. Lawrence Gerard Nassar) (p. 101) |
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4.1 The Case (p. 101) |
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4.2 Analysis of D.A.R.V.O. in Turner’s Statement (p. 106) |
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4.2.1 Denial: Framing Actions as a Consequence of Alcohol Assumption (p. 106) |
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4.2.2 Attack: Blaming College Culture and Peer Pressure (p. 111) |
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4.2.3 Reverse Victim and Offender: Shadowing the Survivor and Becoming the Victim (p. 112) |
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4.3 Countering D.A.R.V.O.: A DHA of Chanel Miller’s Victim Impact Statement (p. 115) |
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4.3.1 Nominations: Discursive Construction of Social Actors (p. 117) |
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4.3.2 Predications, Perspectivations, Mitigations, and Intensifications (p. 124) |
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4.3.3 Argumentations (p. 128) |
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References (p. 130) |
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5 The Courage of US Women Gymnastics Athletes Against D.A.R.V.O. and Institutional Betrayal (People of the State of Michigan V. Lawrence Gerard Nassar) (p. 135) |
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5.1 The Case (p. 135) |
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5.2 Analysis of D.A.R.V.O. Used by Nassar (p. 137) |
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5.2.1 Denial: The Normalisation of Violence and Institutional Betrayal (p. 137) |
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5.2.2 Attack on Accusers and Their Families (p. 149) |
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5.2.3 Reverse Victims and Offenders: Nassar as a Victim of Misunderstanding (p. 157) |
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5.3 Countering D.A.R.V.O.: A Thematic Analysis of Judge Aquilina’s Responses to the Victims’ Impact Statements (p. 164) |
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5.3.1 Establishment of a Safe Environment and Regaining ‘Control’ (p. 167) |
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5.3.2 Remembrance and Mourning (p. 170) |
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5.3.3 Reconnection (p. 173) |
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References (p. 178) |
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6 Jyoti Singh and Rape Culture: The Gang-Rape that Shocked India (Mukesh & Anr. V. State [NCT of Delhi] & Ors. -2012) (p. 183) |
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6.1 The Case (p. 183) |
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6.2 Analysis of D.A.R.V.O. in the Defence of Jyoti Singh’s Assailants (p. 186) |
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6.2.1 Denial and Culture-Related Justifications (p. 186) |
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6.2.2 Rape Culture: Attack Across Social Strata (p. 190) |
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6.2.3 Reverse Victim and Offender (p. 192) |
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6.3 Do Not Cross the Charmed Line: Religious and Epic-Related Justifications of Rape Culture (p. 193) |
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6.4 Countering D.A.R.V.O. and Rape Culture Through Hindu Mythology: An Analysis of Priya’s Shakti (p. 199) |
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6.4.1 Shakti (p. 202) |
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6.4.2 Countering Denial by Speaking About Rape (p. 204) |
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6.4.3 Standing Against Attack and Victim-Blaming (p. 208) |
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6.4.4 Countering Reverse Victim and Offender: Your Shakti Is Within You (p. 215) |
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6.5 Jyoti Singh and Priya as “Every Woman” in India (p. 222) |
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References (p. 223) |
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7 Violence Against Transgender Women: The Unsolved Case of Lorena Escalera (2012) (p. 229) |
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7.1 Media, Transphobia, and Violence Against Transgender Women (p. 229) |
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7.2 The Case (p. 232) |
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7.3 Analysis of D.A.R.V.O. in The New York Times’ Article (p. 235) |
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7.3.1 Denial and Attack (p. 235) |
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7.3.2 Reverse Victim and Offender (p. 238) |
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7.4 Media Coverage of Lorena Escalera’s Case: Applying GLAAD Guidelines and Addressing D.A.R.V.O. (p. 243) |
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7.4.1 Transgender-Related Vocabulary (p. 245) |
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7.4.2 NewsCor through the Lens of the GLAAD Guidelines (p. 250) |
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References (p. 258) |
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Part III Institutional Courage |
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8 Violence Against Women and the UN: A Beacon of Hope in the Fight Against Gender-Based Violence (p. 267) |
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8.1 The UN’s Role in Shaping Discourse Around VAWG (p. 267) |
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8.2 UN Women and the UNiTE Campaign (p. 268) |
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8.3 SDG 5: Achievements and Challenges (p. 270) |
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References (p. 275) |
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9 Institutional Courage and VAWG (p. 279) |
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9.1 Introduction to Institutional Courage (p. 279) |
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9.2 The UN and Its Implementation of Institutional Courage (p. 281) |
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9.2.1 Go Beyond Mere Compliance (p. 282) |
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9.2.2 Educate the Institutional Community (p. 283) |
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9.2.3 Add Checks and Balances to the Power Structure (p. 283) |
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9.2.4 Respond Well to Victim Disclosures (p. 284) |
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9.2.5 Bear Witness, Be Accountable, Apologise (p. 285) |
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9.2.6 Cherish the Whistleblowers; Cherish the Truth-Tellers (p. 286) |
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9.2.7 Conduct Scientifically-Sound Anonymous Surveys (p. 286) |
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9.2.8 Engage in Self-Study (p. 287) |
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9.2.9 Ensuring Transparency Regarding Data on VAWG (p. 287) |
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9.2.10 Use the Organisation to Address the Societal Problem (p. 288) |
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9.2.11 Commit Ongoing Resources to 1–10 (p. 289) |
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References (p. 290) |
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10 The UN and the Battle Against D.A.R.V.O.: Secretary-General Guterres’ Speeches on the International Day for the Elimination of VAWG (p. 293) |
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10.1 Introduction (p. 293) |
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10.2 Transitivity and CDA (p. 293) |
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10.3 Examining Guterres’ Use of Verbs in Speeches on International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women (p. 296) |
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10.3.1 Relational and Existential Verbs (p. 297) |
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10.3.2 Behavioural, Verbal, and Mental Verbs (p. 299) |
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10.3.3 Material Verbs (p. 304) |
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10.4 The UN’s Language as an Example of Institutional Courage (p. 312) |
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References (p. 313) |
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11 Conclusions (p. 317) |
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References (p. 323) |
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Index (p. 327) |